Federal and state IDR coverage

Federal and state IDR coverage.

Routing reference for 50 states, D.C. and five inhabited U.S. territories. The table describes public payment pathways.

PRP services: federal IDR nationwide, plus state processes in New York, New Jersey, Florida and Texas.

Routing sources checked October 12, 2026

Choosing an IDR partner

Know who is handling your claims—and what happens next.

PRP works directly with your existing biller, gives your practice an assigned contact and explains claim decisions. You have someone to discuss the details with.

  • An assigned PRP contact.

    Your contact learns your workflow, answers case questions and coordinates next actions.

  • Hands-on onboarding.

    We work through the first claims with your biller and agree responsibilities for records, approvals and follow-up.

  • Clear claim decisions.

    We explain the payment route, eligibility, missing documents and the basis for pursuing or declining a claim.

  • Scheduled case reviews.

    We agree a review schedule during onboarding, then discuss unresolved claims, next actions and who owns them.

50 states, D.C. and U.S. territories

Federal or state IDR?

Your plan, service and claim dates determine which route applies.

PRP supports provider-side IDR operations and is not a certified IDR entity.

✓ Route identified in cited sources× Specified rule or opt-in not identified in the cited sources* Conditions apply; see details×* Former rule repealed; check service dates

NSA-covered services only. State payment rules may set a rate without arbitration. “Opt-in” refers to private self-funded plans.

Sources checked October 12, 2026. Many CMS letters date from 2021–2022; check source dates and current state rules.

Plan funding and eligibility

For qualifying NSA claims, private self-funded plans generally use federal IDR unless an applicable state opt-in applies. Insured plans follow applicable state payment rules; otherwise, the federal route applies. Confirm funding and any plan election. Maryland hospital rate setting requires separate review.

The cited CMS letters identify federal IDR for qualifying out-of-network services where no applicable specified state payment rule or All-Payer Model determines the rate. An underpayment alone does not establish eligibility; confirm the plan, service, notices and deadlines.

Jurisdictions shown: 56 of 56

Federal IDR, state payment rules and self-funded opt-in by state or territory
State / territoryFederal
IDR
State payment
rules
Self-funded
opt-in
Alabama✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-08
AlaskaState rate repealed Jan. 2024✓*×*×
Details

Alaska repealed its 80th-percentile payment rule effective January 1, 2024. That rule no longer supplies the state payment amount for later services. The state's May 2024 guide directs self-funded claims and claims outside applicable state law to federal IDR. Review earlier service dates separately. Insured-plan provider complaints remain available through the Division of Insurance; that complaint channel is not a separate state IDR arbitration program.

American Samoa✓××
Details

CMS identifies federal IDR for qualifying insured claims in American Samoa, including covered emergency, facility-based nonemergency and air-ambulance services. Its letter identifies no applicable local payment law or All-Payer Model Agreement. Confirm the plan, covered service and filing deadlines.

CMS letter2021-12-08
Arizona✓××
Details
CMS letter2022-02-23
Arkansas✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-21
California✓*✓*×
Details

CMS identifies state payment rules for defined nonemergency professional services at contracting facilities. Federal IDR applies outside that scope; emergency and air-ambulance services need separate review.

CMS letter2021-12-22
Colorado✓*✓*×
Details

The cited CMS letter identifies state payment rules for insured provider and emergency-facility services, with federal IDR for air ambulance. Check the service and plan against current state requirements.

Connecticut✓*✓*×
Details

CMS identifies emergency and certain in-network-facility or referred laboratory services under state law. Other qualifying services, including air ambulance, need federal-route review.

CMS letter2021-12-08
Delaware✓*✓*×
Details

The cited CMS letter identifies state payment law for covered emergency services under defined insured coverage. Federal IDR may govern qualifying services outside that scope and air ambulance.

CMS letter2022-01-31
District of Columbia✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-08
Florida✓*✓*×
Details

State reimbursement rules and the claim-dispute program have plan, service, and claim-value conditions. Check HMO thresholds and whether state law determines the rate before selecting federal IDR.

PRP's Florida service scope

Georgia✓*✓*✓*
Details

Georgia rules cover qualifying emergency and inadvertent nonemergency provider/facility claims. Later CMS guidance treats air ambulance as a federal route; do not apply the older letter's blanket state-air-ambulance statement.

Private self-funded plans: verify Georgia election; federal route for qualifying claims when not opted in.

Guam✓××
Details

CMS identifies federal IDR for qualifying insured claims in Guam, including covered emergency, facility-based nonemergency and air-ambulance services. Its letter identifies no applicable local payment law or All-Payer Model Agreement. Confirm the plan, covered service and filing deadlines.

CMS letter2021-12-23
Hawaii✓××
Details
CMS letter2022-05-20
Idaho✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-09
Illinois✓*✓*×
Details

CMS identifies defined pathology, anesthesia, neonatology, radiology, and emergency-department services under PPO coverage at participating facilities. Other qualifying plan/service combinations require federal review.

CMS letter2022-04-27
State authorityDate not stated
Indiana✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-15
Iowa✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-09
Kansas✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-13
Kentucky✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-21
Louisiana✓××
Details

Federal IDR is the CMS route for NSA-qualified services. Later Louisiana law adds distinct ground-ambulance payment protections; ground ambulance is outside federal NSA IDR.

Maine✓*✓*✓*
Details

Distinguish state payment rules for qualifying surprise and emergency claims from the narrower state emergency-IDR process. Current law excludes air ambulance except a narrow prior-authorization provision; check that exception before federal routing.

Private self-funded plans: verify Maine opt-in for the service date and covered scope.

Maryland✓*✓*×
Details

Separate hospital rate setting under the All-Payer Model from professional services. CMS also identifies defined HMO and EPO/PPO payment rules; federal IDR applies where those rules do not determine the rate.

Private self-funded plans: federal route for qualifying claims, with a separate check for applicable hospital rate setting.

CMS letter2022-05-18
Massachusetts✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-22
Michigan✓*✓*×
Details

The revised 2023 letter identifies defined emergency and facility-based professional services, including certain state/local governmental plans. Provider type, disclosure, patient choice, and service scope matter; air ambulance routes federally.

Private self-funded plans: federal route for qualifying claims. Michigan/state-local governmental plans need separate review.

CMS letter2023-07-20
Minnesota✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-23
Mississippi✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-27
Missouri✓*✓*×
Details

CMS identifies state law for unanticipated out-of-network professional care at an in-network facility. Qualifying services outside that scope and air ambulance require federal review.

CMS letter2021-12-23
Montana✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-27
Nebraska✓*✓*×
Details

The cited CMS letter identifies state law for defined emergency services under health benefit plans. Other qualifying services and air ambulance require federal review.

CMS letter2021-12-27
Nevada✓*✓*✓*
Details

State emergency-payment provisions depend on the plan, provider, and prior network relationship. Nevada guidance distinguishes applicable state rate rules from federal IDR; verify the relevant statutory provision.

Private self-funded plans: verify Nevada election and whether the rate provision applies.

CMS letter2022-02-24
State authorityDate not stated
New Hampshire✓*✓*✓*
Details

Newer state IDR law and 2026 rules provide a case-by-case state/federal choice for covered disputes. Confirm scope, plan participation, and initiation timing; do not pursue both processes for the same dispute.

Check state opt-in/participation and the state-versus-federal election for this dispute.

New Jersey✓*✓*✓*
Details

Check inadvertent, emergency, or urgent service scope and the plan. New Jersey publishes self-funded plan opt-in/opt-out information; air ambulance and other qualifying exceptions require federal review.

Private self-funded plans: check the published plan list and service-date opt-in/opt-out status.

PRP's New Jersey service scope

New Mexico✓*✓*×
Details

CMS identifies state rules for emergency and defined nonemergency services at participating facilities. Coverage type, consent, and provider availability affect scope; other qualifying services need federal review.

CMS letter2021-12-22
New York✓*✓*×
Details

The 2024 CMS letter distinguishes emergency services and statutory surprise bills from other qualified services, including certain advance coverage determinations. Air ambulance uses federal IDR; confirm the plan and statutory definition.

CMS letter2024-08-30

PRP's New York service scope

North Carolina✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-27
North Dakota✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-15
Northern Mariana Islands✓××
Details

CMS identifies federal IDR for qualifying insured claims in Northern Mariana Islands, including covered emergency, facility-based nonemergency and air-ambulance services. Its letter identifies no applicable local payment law or All-Payer Model Agreement. Confirm the plan, covered service and filing deadlines.

CMS letter2021-12-28
Ohio✓*✓*×
Details

CMS identifies state payment law for emergency and defined nonemergency services at in-network facilities. The cited letter assigns air-ambulance services to federal IDR.

CMS letter2022-02-17
Oklahoma✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-09
Oregon✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-21
Pennsylvania✓××
Details
CMS letter2022-02-07
Puerto Rico✓××
Details

CMS identifies federal IDR for qualifying insured claims in Puerto Rico, including covered emergency, facility-based nonemergency and air-ambulance services. Its letter identifies no applicable local payment law or All-Payer Model Agreement. Confirm the plan, covered service and filing deadlines.

CMS letter2021-12-08
Rhode Island✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-22
South Carolina✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-28
South Dakota✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-15
Tennessee✓××
Details
CMS letter2024-01-26
Texas✓*✓*✓*
Details

TDI distinguishes facility mediation from provider arbitration for covered services. Its current guidance includes ERISA plans that opt in. Federal rules apply to other qualifying plans and air ambulance; check newer plan categories.

Private self-funded plans: verify Texas opt-in; other specified state/governmental plan categories also need review.

PRP's Texas service scope

U.S. Virgin Islands✓××
Details

CMS identifies federal IDR for qualifying insured claims in U.S. Virgin Islands, including covered emergency, facility-based nonemergency and air-ambulance services. Its letter identifies no applicable local payment law or All-Payer Model Agreement. Confirm the plan, covered service and filing deadlines.

CMS letter2021-12-09
Utah✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-20
Vermont✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-22
Virginia✓*✓*✓*
Details

Check state scope for emergency and defined surgical/ancillary services at in-network facilities. Verify any self-funded plan election for the relevant plan year; qualifying exceptions and air ambulance require federal review.

Private self-funded plans: confirm the state list and plan-year effective dates.

CMS letter2021-12-21
State authorityDate not stated
Washington✓*✓*✓*
Details

Check emergency and defined facility-based services under state law, plus any self-funded plan election. Added ground-ambulance protection has separate scope and opt-in details; it is outside federal NSA IDR.

Private self-funded plans: confirm election and scope, including any separate ground-ambulance attestation.

West Virginia✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-13
Wisconsin✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-10
Wyoming✓××
Details
CMS letter2021-12-09
Eligibility and source notes

Confirm plan funding, service setting, prior notices and deadlines. Governmental and FEHB plans need separate review. A consultation does not extend a filing window.

Federal NSA IDR does not cover Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, TRICARE or ground-ambulance disputes. Routine out-of-network office care is not automatically eligible.

Sources checked October 12, 2026. Many CMS letters are older; newer state material qualifies the table where available. Alaska repealed its 80th-percentile rate effective January 1, 2024, Maryland has hospital rate-setting rules, and New Hampshire offers a state/federal choice. Read the linked source dates before routing a claim.

Territories included

The chart includes American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Each has a separate CMS letter identifying federal IDR for qualifying claims.

The nine U.S. Minor Outlying Islands are Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island. CMS does not classify them separately in its applicability chart; a claim involving one requires individual review.

This chart describes payment routes. PRP's supported services are listed below.

PRP operating scope

PRP's supported services.

Service scope and claim eligibility are confirmed before work begins.

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